© Erin Wright, 2012–2020. the citation includes author, date and page number(s) that the quotation was taken from. Use italics for foreign words if you are writing a business document or general nonfiction. As Aitchison (1981, p.16) puts it: Language, then, like everything else, gradually transforms itself over the centuries. Example 1:
As always, I encourage business and nonfiction writers who aren’t using a specific style guide to follow the Chicago style recommendation. In spite of this, large numbers of intelligent people condemn and resent language change, regarding alterations as due to unnecessary sloppiness, laziness or ignorance. Quoting is where you copy an author's text word for word, place double quotation marks around the words and add a citation at the end of the quote. Examples of Quoting. For instance, if the exclamation or question is a part of a speech, then the punctuation mark will be placed before the inverted commas. The reader already assumes that the quote has been excerpted from a larger work. A Guide to Writing 1 . Required fields are marked *. If you want to insert your own words, or different words, into a quotation, put them in square brackets [ ]. How should I treat foreign terms in MLA style? A couple of generations ago, it was the custom to enclose all titles in quotation Follow the relevant guideline above if your academic department adheres to either Chicago style or AP style. • Academic writing should be objective (emotionally neutral). Example:
Quotation marks with exclamation points and question marks: here, it depends on the actual sentence. 3 Nevertheless, APA style does encourage italics with the first use of “key terms” that readers may be unfamiliar or less familiar with; 4 so, foreign words can potentially fall into this key term category. academic circles, at least, it is still usual to enclose the titles of articles In a world where [everything changes], it would be strange if language alone remained unaltered. Hello! In most academic writing, you should generally paraphrase from sources, rather than quote directly. How to Convert PDFs to Microsoft Word Files in Adobe Acrobat, How to Modify the Style of Footnotes and Endnotes in Microsoft Word, How to Create and Update a Table of Contents in Microsoft Word, How to Adjust Line Spacing in PDFs with Adobe Acrobat, How to Insert Citations in Microsoft Word (Step-by-Step). or to a book as `Uncle Tom's Cabin', but it is certainly old-fashioned now, and Quoting more extended sections of text tends to be more common in arts and humanities subjects where it may be appropriate to quote frequently from sources that are being analysed or translated, like novels, plays or historical texts. If you use a direct quotation from an author, you should: If you are quoting from a website or webpage that does not have page numbers, you do not need to include anything to indicate this in the citation. freedom'. A couple of generations ago, it was the custom to enclose all titles in quotation marks: titles of books, titles of poems, titles of films, titles of newspapers, and so on. It has been argued that language: gradually transforms itself over the centuries. Example:
Using too many quotes can suggest you don't fully understand the text you are referring to. separate it from the rest of the paragraph by one free line above and below. Three of the most popular American-English dictionaries are Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, Webster’s New World College Dictionary, and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. custom is to write most titles in italics. journals and magazines in quotes, as well as the titles of chapters in books — It is still not exactly wrong to refer to a newspaper as `The Guardian', Quotations should be used in support of your argument and not instead of writing. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. These guidelines are for general words in business documents, nonfiction, journalism, and academic writing but aren’t for proper nouns, such as people’s names or place names, which typically don’t require special formatting. This usage, however, has now largely disappeared, and the modern custom is to write most titles in italics. The waiter explained that “le fromage,” which is cheese in French, would be served with a baguette, not with crackers. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Erin Wright with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. Are you ready to take your writing and editing to the next level? Besides setting off other people’s words, quotation marks have a couple of other uses. Quotation Marks in Titles. As you take notes, ensure you clearly mark where you have quoted directly from the source. In general, words that originate from languages other than English aren’t considered foreign if they are included in our primary dictionaries. Regardless, foreign words should be used sparingly and with great consideration because too many can confuse or frustrate your readers. Enter your email address to receive notifications of new posts. If it's small you can include it within the main body of your own text, but if it's a larger piece you could set it apart, in an indented paragraph, from your main text. However, if the speech marks are merely highlighting a phrase, title, or quote, then the question mark or exclamation point will fall outside of it. However, MLA style’s official online presence, The MLA Style Center, recommends italicizing most uncommon foreign words.5. I am a professional freelance copy editor specializing in business, research, and technical content. When you change the sentence into the indirect quote, the quotation marks become unnecessary. Maintained by the Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, The Full Stop, the Question Mark and the Exclamation Mark. If you want to draw attention to an error in a quotation, for example a spelling mistake or wrong date, do not correct it; write [sic] in square brackets. Note that while APA style advises against special formatting for well-known foreign words, it doesn’t directly recommend italics or quotation marks for uncommon foreign words, either.3 Nevertheless, APA style does encourage italics with the first use of “key terms” that readers may be unfamiliar or less familiar with;4 so, foreign words can potentially fall into this key term category. The following guidelines explain when to use italics or quotation marks with foreign words to set them apart from the surrounding English text. Punctuation in Academic Writing Academic punctuation presentation/ Defining your terms practice Choose one of the things below and work together to describe its form and uses in as much detail as possible, including contrasting with other things. Leave a Comment Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, APA style, Chicago style, dictionaries, formatting, grammar, MLA style. A quote should be within quotation marks “like these”. give the author, date and page number(s) that the quotation was taken from, in brackets. Do not begin or end a direct quotation with ellipsis points. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The host served “formaggio,” which is cheese in Italian, before the antipasto. Language changes are natural and inevitable. In spite of this, large numbers of intelligent people condemn and resent language change (Aitchison, 1981, p.16, my italics). Your email address will not be published. According to Smith (1992, p.45), "Aitcheson [sic] appears to believe that everything changes; but this is questionable" (italics in original). The waiter explained that le fromage would be served with a baguette, not with crackers. you are writing by hand. Aitchison clearly sees every change in language as neither good nor bad, but inevitable... You may want to make minor changes to a direct quotation. Visit my Amazon store to see many of the books and supplies I use in my own business. But in You may want to use a foreign word to add interest or authenticity to your writing. (As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.). and so on. If you omit parts of the quotation, use an ellipsis. my advice is to use italics rather than quotation marks, except perhaps when Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Deposit your research outputs in Symplectic. relevant sentences in quotation form or paraphrase, crediting the author by providing a reference. In most academic writing, you should generally paraphrase from sources, rather than quote directly. The host served formaggio as an appetizer before the antipasto. Indirect quote: Alice said that she liked the snow. USING QUOTATION IN ACADEMIC WRITING. We use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes. Quoting more extended sections of text tends to be more common in arts and humanities subjects where it may be appropriate to quote frequently from sources that are being analysed or translated, like novels, plays or historical texts. hence my reference above to Geoff Pullum's article `Punctuation and human purpose, though American usage usually prefers double quotes here too. Examples: Direct quote: “I like the snow,” said Alice. If the word appears frequently throughout your document, The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) recommends only using the italics the first time the word appears; however, you can continue to use italics if the word appears infrequently. This usage, however, has now largely disappeared, and the modern Most academic writing requires you to stand back and analyse dispassionately, as an objective onlooker. The Modern Language Association’s MLA Handbook is silent on the issue of formatting foreign words. Note that while APA style advises against special formatting for well-known foreign words, it doesn’t directly recommend italics or quotation marks for uncommon foreign words, either. In other cases, you may have to use a foreign word because there is no English equivalent. marks: titles of books, titles of poems, titles of films, titles of newspapers, One answer to this is that language has always been subject to change, just as everything else in the world is, and we should not feel that this is a bad thing. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this website’s owner is strictly prohibited. In British usage, however, we always use single quotes for this If you are writing a news-centric piece or are an independent journalist without a house style guide, follow the guideline from The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style): Use quotation marks around foreign words that aren’t “understood universally.” In addition to the quotation marks, AP style also recommends explaining the meaning of the word.2. If your department uses the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA style), avoid pairing italics or quotation marks with “common” foreign words. Learn how your comment data is processed. Quotation marks are usually used for a direct quote. If the word you are writing doesn’t appear in one of these dictionaries, you may want to format it with italics or place it in quotation marks, as explained below. Whichever method you use you must give an in text citation and include the full reference in the reference section. Your email address will not be published. If you want to emphasise something in a quotation that is particularly relevant to your essay, put the emphasised words in italics, and state that the emphasis is your own. When to Use Italics or Quotation Marks with Foreign Words. © 2020 University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT. My name is Erin. If the original has italics, state that the italics are in the original. There is nothing surprising in this. in This is possible (as long as you don't change the meaning), but you must follow the rules. Quotes should be used sparingly. Other uses of quotation marks: titles of short works, words as words, scare quotes. "Language is subject to change, and is not caused by unnecessary sloppiness, laziness or ignorance" (Aitchison, 1981, p.67). In a world where humans grow old, tadpoles change into frogs, and milk turns into cheese, it would be strange if language alone remained unaltered. Example 2:
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