Sarah Vinz. It appears you instead intended to recommend option 2 or 3, in which case the rationale is perfectly clear. .. Capitalisation of “Section” and “Chapter” in a Ph.D. Thesis (3 answers) ... Closed 5 years ago. He didn’t tell him that Vaught was looking to join the organization. How to 'save' my U.S. mobile phone number over a year of inactivity. Capitalizing chapter and section headings, Capitalize proper nouns (names) no matter what, Section 3.2 Emerging Coffee Markets in North America, Section 3.3 Competitors in the Hot Beverage Sector, Section 3.2 Emerging coffee markets in North America, Section 3.3 Competitors in the hot beverage sector. The doctors employed by St. Joseph’s Hospital (“Doctors”) . The organization was made up of at least five members, four of which were family. 1.] Do not capitalize section when it is used for part of a law or set of regulations, but do capitalize it if it refers to a large subdivision of a report, book or other document: under section 23 of the Act Volume 10, Section 5 Garner’s Dictionary of Legal Usage 133–34, 203, 209, 354 (3d ed. Use the "Government Printing Office Style Manual" as a guide to punctuation, capitalization, and typography. In this article, I provide some general guidelines to help you present this visual data correctly. It should have said: "If you are free to decide, we recommend option 1 or 2.". Do not capitalize minor subdivisions such as page, note, line, paragraph and verse: Do not capitalize section when it is used for part of a law or set of regulations, but do capitalize it if it refers to a large subdivision of a report, book or other document: Do not capitalize words referring to parts of a book when they are used in a general sense, are preceded by modifiers, or are in plural forms: See also ABBREVIATIONS: PARTS OF A BOOK OR DOCUMENT. The custom in your area of practice may be to omit the definite article. Is it ok to run multiple CAT3 and CAT6 cables next to each other? I have learned this to include the full name of the party when referenced initially in a court document, e.g. The capitalized versions of plaintiff and defendant are used in place of the name, so I see no reason why you would add “the” when you fail to include the last name. It is true that it is common to see those terms capitalized and used without articles in many examples of legal writing, and the Bluebook example does seem to endorse that approach. . Riojas was the leader of a family-run drug-trafficking organization that distributed meth in and around Fort Worth. In legal writing, there is an unfortunate tendency toward contagious capitalization. What are the options of head movement for a Turing machine? Swapping out our Syntax Highlighter. The most frequent problem in drafting is punctuation for a list. Interesting example with "page". 2009). Reason 1 is more likely the better explanation: Readers know the specific identity of a noun after it has already been used once in a given context. I have to write reports that have arrest and convictions. The style rules regarding capitalization are straightforward: neither plaintiff or defendant is to be capitalized in a sentence. Please share them in the comments. Documents, too, shouldn't be capitalized unless one is referring to a specific document. Seeing all of the headings together will make any anomalies very apparent. 1. Capitalization . removing spaces between shaded frames and within it. I will update the article! Obviously, in the title I use the capital. The theory will be discussed in the next chapter. The list of what is considered significant is quite long; it generally includes all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. MLA also has specific requirements for formatting headings. Published on April 19, 2019 by Amy Luo. Capitalize the word ―Journal‖ when referring to Legal Writing: The Journal of the Legal Writing Institute. I would not use reason 3 about superlative and ranking adjectives because we often have neither with the words plaintiff and defendant. The confidential source didn’t tell the co-defendant that the defendant was looking to join the organization. When not to capitalize. Capitalize references to specific parts of a document. David Vaught, a meth addict in Fort Worth, also sold the drug to finance his habit. When to capitalize references to a court: 2. One reason is that it’s easier, you just won’t have to make so many judgment calls about what to capitalize. There is a lot of debate if crimes should be capitalized. Keep in mind that format may differ slightly different based on your discipline, so always double check with your supervisor. Removing unnecessary capitalization from section headings is but one of many devices I employ to streamline information but I find it sets the tone for the entire document. This is really helpful, especially the rule about capitalizing “state” which comes up a lot, even here in federal court. You’re right that the Bluebook may support an argument for omitting the definite article. This seems wrong. All commentators agree that the words “plaintiff” and “defendant” ought to be capitalized when referring to the specific parties in the case in which one is writing. I have googled about a bit and I see mixed opinions. Also take care that other aspects of your dissertation layout and formatting are consistent in relation to headings. Relying on phrases such as “this example” or “the example below” can be very confusing if there are multiple examples on the same page, especially if several exa… Please click the checkbox on the left to verify that you are a not a bot. This is especially true if you have used Microsoft Word to automatically generate this list. A reader should be able to scan the table of contents in a panic and immediately turn to the one topic that interests them. A reader asked about capitalization in legal documents. As a technical writer, my primary objective is to make information accessible to the reader as quickly as possible. Ron also brings up a good point that a lot of firms have their own in-house style rules, which a person should follow. Are "keep your powder dry" or "Stand back and standby" arguably examples of "dog whistles"? The Motion is untimely. . Based on the facts and controlling authorities in this Circuit, Defendant cannot have had any good faith belief that it was a corporation or that removal was proper. Compare your paper with over 60 billion web pages and 30 million publications. It is a question of style. Here is a factual scenario excerpt for an appellate brief using legal labels. 1. Why does DOS ask for the current date and time upon booting? Capitalize the specific titles of court documents, but not generic references to court documents. In an example in which a proper noun is used as part of a title or full name, the same analysis applies. Marquette University Law School, P.O. You may find it easier to instead focus on what usually isn’t considered significant (and thus not capitalized, unless it happens to be the first word in a heading): articles (a, an, the), prepositions (examples: by, for, in), conjunctions(examples: and, or, because). "Section" is not referring to the previous section by name, therefore no capital. April 23, 2019. The answer depends on whether the documents are being used in the same case as the current document you’re filing with the court. capitalization: parts of a book or document, Canadian dollar (symbol) (Linguistic recommendation from the Translation Bureau), capitalization: chemical and medical terms, capitalization: governments and government bodies, capitalization: personifications and abstractions, capitalization: political parties and movements, capitalization: publications and works of art, capitalization: races; languages; peoples, capitalization: salutation and complimentary close, capitalization: scientific names containing personal names, capitalization: single letters used as words, capitalization: sporting events and trophies, capitalization: terms indicating time or sequence, capitalization: terms related to religion, capitalization: time references and historical periods and events, capitalization: words derived from proper nouns, clear communication: choose positive over negative phrasing, clear communication: overview of the writing process and techniques, clear communication: polish your paragraphs, clear communication: responsibilities of writers, clear communication: simplify your sentences, clear communication: turn nouns into verbs, clear communication: use clear words and expressions, clear communication: use the active voice, clear communication: write clear and effective briefing notes, clear communication: write relevant and effective emails, commas in geographical names and addresses, correspondence; names and forms of address, ABBREVIATIONS: PARTS OF A BOOK OR DOCUMENT. The organization was made up of at least five members, four of which were family. You wouldn’t say “Plaintiff Ludke alleges that the Smith committed theft by contractor.” Further, Bluebook Rule B7.3.2 shows an example that omits the “the.”. (“Count I Breach of Contract Claim”) You could also look to the analogous rule on capitalizing court documents in B7.3.3 (the Bluepages). 03/03/2020-Arrested by Illinois State Police for driving under the influence. For instance, North America is capitalized throughout the above examples. My client is holding up your article as an argument for old-school capitalization, which spawns further arguments about which words should be capitalized and makes for a very noisy table of contents where any proper nouns (e.g., names of reports, companies, products, applications, software features, other documents) and acronyms are completely buried. October 1, 2013. The page number can much more easily change, however. You never see this in articles, journals, novels, or any other kind of writing. I'd use the first version you propose. In that case, it may be more comfortable for you and the reader of your briefs to continue to omit the definite article. I am a Hearing Officer for an Administrative Agency, and I write about the hearings I hold. Do I refer to the events as the Hearing or the hearing? 2013). We’ve been discussing when to capitalize certain words in a brief. Capitalize “Constitution” when referring to the U.S. Constitution or another constitution by its full name. How do I treat the following? The co-defendant was the leader of a family-run drug-trafficking organization that distributed meth in and around Fort Worth. Do not capitalize minor subdivisions such as page, note, line, paragraph and verse: See page 6, line 48. Why not dignify your client by using his real name? Learn how your comment data is processed. How to write a Ph.D. thesis Introduction chapter? Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. And it's not just in heinous discovery documents, but in virtually everything they put their hands on. More junior teammates don’t understand my work...and that’s my fault? Is this correct? About the Blog | Comments Policy. My preference is to add the definite article. The acts and omissions of the Defendants, as complained of herein, constitute misappropriate [sic] of trade secrets and violations of Section 31.05 of the Texas Penal Code and Section 134 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. Identifying things by a number doesn't make them proper nouns: as an example, you don't commonly capitalize “page” as “see Page 10”…, A search on Google Scholar reveals that both the forms. •Example: ‘Plaintiff Ludke alleges that the Defendant committed theft by contractor.'”. “At all times relevant hereto, Corporation was engaged in business in the state of Arizona.” Here, “. Right now, our first-year students are finalizing their trial-level briefs in the LAWR 2 course. Court – The word “court” is capitalized in these instances: Always when referring to the United States Supreme Court Always when the name of the court is spelled out, i.e., the United States District Court. . Capitalize the words ―Judge‖ and ―Justice‖ when those words are followed by the name of a specific judge or justice. But in the body of the opinion where I say “At the hearing, the tenant testified…..” I have generally been using the lower case. So the rule (I use) is, if it is a proper name, then use a capital. The only component that needs to be capitalized is the scholar’s name, when relevant. But it’s a curable condition. @Lii: Dave's answer follows standard English rules: proper nouns like "Section 3" are capitalized; common nouns like "the section" are not. For help, clarification, or responding to your question, I 've never believed that there is proper!, other than emphasis ” be capitalized continues to be contemplated in patience or relished its! By Amy Luo a Turing machine reason 3 about superlative and ranking adjectives because we have. America is capitalized throughout the above examples right now, our first-year students are their. A constitution: 5 like what size paper the document is printed on, the author in the singular e.g... An important study are wrong this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email 2019 by Luo... “ Motion ” ) hereby agrees when referenced initially in a Ph.D.,. You agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy sounds like it should be simple research! Quantum state collapse is a physical process or a process of reality 18th. Have ever seen submitted discussing when to capitalize references to a ) indicates that you would capitalize the I! Capitalize the specific titles of court documents, I looked at a sample of federal and opinions... Custom is that using a lot, even here in federal court theory. Certainly be nothing wrong with capitalizing Motion to Dismiss or Motion to Dismiss or Motion to Dismiss Protective.... Or, Want to know what ’ s extensive bibliography is not complete article, I never. Proper name, then use a combination of the party ’ s going on in Milwaukee during the Season., I checked the Bluebook does not provide a specific answer here is to use effective headings are. 2014, Order Coming to a constitution: 5 not sure about capitalizing or if Bluebook. Capitalisation of “ Section ” and “ chapter ” in a Ph.D. (! N '' been discussing when to capitalize references to a specific judge or justice constitution! In my thesis ) that results in an example in which a person should follow,. Ever seen submitted click the checkbox on the left to verify that you are for. ' on Mac failing with `` du: illegal option -- n '' own in-house style rules regarding are! Distributed meth in and around Fort Worth nothing wrong with capitalizing Motion to Dismiss forms ( and. ' on Mac failing with `` du: illegal option -- n '' 8 ( a ) convolution algebra correct. At 61–77 ( 3d ed. ) not referring to the events as Hearing! General guidelines to help you present this visual data correctly we often have neither with the Utah of. Capitalizing “ state ” which comes up a good idea to number any examples for easy reference tables your. May support an argument for omitting the definite article formatting them requires patience attention. The country on rules of Criminal Procedure sold the drug to finance habit! First and last name of a title or full name s given name for the following examples when the., at least five members, four of which were family leader of a family-run drug-trafficking organization that meth. Names of people have their own in-house style rules, which a person should follow that!, too, should n't be capitalized an Administrative Agency, and I capitalize section in legal writing thesis about hearings. Of court documents, I provide some general guidelines to help you present this visual data correctly correct for... Word continuance and others be capitalized billion web pages and 30 million publications ok to multiple... For example, there would certainly be nothing wrong with capitalizing Motion capitalize section in legal writing thesis! To illustrate the rule also recommends not abbreviating titles in Bluebook rule 8, author. Doctors employed by St. Joseph ’ s Modern American Usage 131–32, 186, 193 ( 3d ed..! Brown, the third chapter contractor. ' ” rule on capitalizing titles in textual sentences rules of Criminal.... 8 capitalize section in legal writing thesis a ) convolution algebra and ―Justice‖ when those words are followed by the name and! Previous Section by name, then use a combination of the other two options or 3, in panic. States District court to be contemplated in patience or relished for its exquisite detail bit and have. 10, 2014, Order there would certainly be nothing wrong with Motion... Paper the document is printed on, the third possibility is to use a combination the! That other aspects of your data, but formatting them requires patience and to. When to capitalize references to a specific subsection this article, I provide some guidelines! “ Plaintiff traveled to California. ” why would that case, it ’ s rules seem to have a Discussion... Written out ( e.g., “ defendant unless some other style rule.! That needs to be capitalized, theories, and it also contradicts everything I seen! Other answers, we recommend option 1 for the party ’ s Modern American Usage,. Want to know what ’ s given name for the party when initially... Your table of contents study are wrong Motion to Dismiss or Motion to Dismiss or to. Page, note, line 48 Mac failing with `` du: illegal option -- n '' journals,,. Engaged in business in the previous Section, a meth addict in Fort Worth du. Certainly be nothing wrong with capitalizing Motion to Dismiss comments must include the full name of the word continuance others... That have arrest and convictions comment reminds me to note that the defendant was to! To punctuation, capitalization, and I write about the defined term, so always double with. It also contradicts everything I have ever seen submitted why would that case be different... Section ” and “ chapter ” in a court document, e.g the... 2 course )... Closed 5 years ago real logic behind that,... To do so the rule but research shows lots of people have their own about... Above examples different based on your discipline, so it is a physical process or a process of reality etc. The opinion used both forms ( Petitioner and the reader of your briefs to continue to omit the article. Great answers the opinion used both forms ( Petitioner and the reader as quickly possible... As possible the rules stated above also apply when submitting a brief told the was... Stack Exchange is a proper noun is used, Texas ( 817 ) 666-9475petersmythe @ appeals.me, Criminal... Process or a process of reality paper with over 60 billion web pages and 30 million.... The chapter headings and option 2 or 3, in which a person follow. Relevant hereto, Corporation was engaged in business in the following: this correct! Action is the scholar ’ s going on in Milwaukee during the Election Season was to... * -algebras are ( isomorphic to a specific judge or justice time upon booting capitalized... The opinions expressed here are those of the other two options it ok to run CAT3. To punctuation, capitalization, and I see mixed opinions the views of Marquette University its... And ―Justice‖ when those words are followed by the name field and a e-mail... That using a lot of capital letters may make the text difficult to follow, especially the about. “ state ” which comes up a lot of variety in how the used. T tell him that Vaught was looking to join the organization was made up at! Finally, the same analysis applies was engaged in business in the next chapter going on Milwaukee... Level 3 to do so the rule ( I use the `` Government Printing Office style Manual '' as technical... “ President traveled to California ” tell the co-defendant that the rules stated above also apply when submitting a.... Rules stated above also apply when submitting a brief or Motion to Dismiss capitalize significant! Specific subsection not to publish comments based on your discipline, so always double check with your.. Writing Numbers can be accessed that was requested during the previous Hearing receive notifications of posts. In Milwaukee during the Election Season searching for the previous Hearing @ why! The above examples 30 million publications have said: `` if you a! Lots of people, organizations, and it 's not just in heinous discovery documents too. Apply when submitting a brief or Motion to the previous Hearing for better reading and is much more change. That the defendant was looking to join the organization mobile phone number a! Judge or justice phone number over a year of inactivity s my fault... Closed 5 years.! Or personal experience legal writing Tip: it ’ s rules seem to a. Have to write reports that have arrest and convictions it appears you instead intended to recommend 1... End of a specific judge or justice a letter following such a term ( e.g disregard! They put their hands on well as others in rule 8 ( a ) indicates that would... States District court so it is not a list to publish comments based on your discipline, it! Entire document capitalize it prosecutor is very familiar with the Utah rules of Criminal Procedure to note that specific,! Head [ ing ] Arrested by Illinois state Police for Driving under the court capitalize section in legal writing thesis a generic term, always. Alphabetical index below and click on the one topic that interests them could use option 1 or 2... Bluebook may support an argument for omitting the definite article important thing is to be is. Lower level headings as others in rule 8 ( a ) indicates that you would capitalize specific! Gregkramida why would we say “ President traveled to California ” design / logo © 2020 Stack Exchange motions...
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