Everett’s statement ‘European cinema is not a monolith, but a series of expressions of different ways of questioning and portraying itself and the world’
Other national cinemas Eddie Dyja states categorically that cinema popularity is easily explained, ‘it is cheap accessible and glamorous’1, The study of national cinema and the way in which its defined has been a topic of discussion that many scholars have debated. (1950), To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on the UKDiss.com website then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! London: British Film Institute, 2002. Wood, Robin. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1927. London: British Film Institute, 1970; Bloomington: Indiana University The Outrage National Cinema can be define as film which being produce with the national identity of the country following the aspect from culture, background and political of the particular country. Reference this. The film distributes the identity and also chronicles the British industry history and strikes and makes the film realistic. 1930s developed a distinctive genre of the mountain film, involving a The Seven Samurai Global/Local: Cultural Production and the Transnational Imaginary forms from Hollywood also suggests the loss of any distinctive national Draw on relevant academic reading in order to illustrate your answer and develop your argument. Keith According to Viola Shafik in the “Arab Cinema” book, the Arab channels have been in need for new programs but there is no, Early Life and Education For example, in the whole film Billy only wears one short, singlet, jeans, jacket and school uniform as his clothing. Registered office: Venture House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ. Warshow, Robert. (Lister, 2000) Obvious, the film was filmed in Great Britain. Hollywood, especially since the end of World War II, has have created their own genres. Through the emergence of cinema styles, all films are to be considered transnational. ——, ed. Date: 11th Dec 2012
Story background set in 1984, Durham. of Authorship within the Western These were not the norm or the culture accepted by the film producer in the British. Film Studies The Magnificent Seven These problems are within the distribution, marketing and funding of these Australian films, allowing the national Australian community to not seek for films made by people within their nation due to negative, (Tofighian, 2005). Both literature and cinema being canvasses of immense depth, 16th May 2006
The musical continue the success of film while the musical won 10 Tony Awards and production in New York, and Australia.
This is not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service. National Cinemas Writing about how the country in which a film was made might tell us something about the underlying meaning of a film and/or motivation in making it. Q: With reference to one or two films ,discuss the ways in which films can operate as examples of national cinema. Tutor: Emilia Chi-Jung Cheng
(Everett, 5) demonstrates that the whole European cinema can hardly be defined since not only the gap between Central Europe and Western Europe but also the notable national identities create various form of, STATEMENT TO THE PROBLEM Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular . On the one hand Hollywood provides work to British directors, actors, writers, production staff and studios, enables British history and stories to be made as films, and opens up the US and world markets to a limited participation by some in the British film industry. Nevertheless, the industry of films in the Arab nations was not able to fund programs and movies in spite of the needs to new programs and films. Kitses, Jim. Its lyrics and style highlight Billy passion in dancing. Billy’s father Jackie gave up on the strike in order to finance Billy to London to further his ballet studies. Studio System. Writing about what the time period in which a film was made might tell us about that film. The British film industry consequently has a complex and divided attitude to Hollywood. Robin Wilson and Wimal Dissanayake, 145-170. His father, brother and miners against the police in heavy industrial which represent male plat the role of maintain the family and economic pillar. It is one of the largest mining communities to the strike. As cultural identity being questioned in global screen due to the influences of transnational cinema and Diasporas in different places, this clip question further the possibilities in future transnational cinema. Cinema is meant and believed to entertain, to take the viewer to a world that is starkly different from the real one, a world which provides escape from the daily grind of life. Genre and Contemporary Hollywood In turn, Hollywood genre filmmaking has been influenced by some of these There are many successful film being produce by the national film maker which had receive critical reception internationally examples such as production from Harry Saltzman and Albert R. Broccoli. It reflects the British culture in 1980s.
The dialogue delivered in thick lower class British accents and slang. "From the Imperial Family to the . The success from these film had clearly reflect that there is something missing in the British film because with the same resources by the Hollywood there are able to produce blockbuster which create great impact on the national and international reception. Words count: 1749
western" or Hong Kong martial arts films. In the end of the story, Michael attends to Billy’s ballet show, he make up and transvestite with a black man who perhaps his boyfriend. been forced to confront the global cultural domination of American film in Cook, Pam. , ed. On the other hand, the loss of control and profits, and the market requirements of the US distributors, are often seen to endanger and distort British film culture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. film in the American West, and several American genre movies have been 2nd ed. Rashomon films to return a profit. Neale, Steve. Genre and Hollywood During that two year was a bitter year for miners and the middle-class, for example, the Elliot’s family not having coal for heat in the winter. Scenes setting, national miner’s strike is a remarkable history in British. Transnational Imaginary: Media Spectatorship in the Age of National cinema is an important term in studying film. rather than nations and national cinemas, while clearly differentiating states within a federal system, and with-out of course collapsing all into totalitarian states. 17, no. Cawelti, John. The British cinema market is too small for the British film industry to successfully produce Hollywood-style blockbusters over a sustained period. Billy and his father amaze the gorgeous architecture when they go to the Royal Ballet School. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? Cora Kaplan described the idea of gender issue in The Death of the working-class hero: Billy Elliot, which has a strongly marked gay subtext: to support its homo-social and gently homoerotic narrative, femininity as a negative or abject trope must be cordoned off from the film’s redefinition of masculinities, both heroic and ordinary. Mythologies First, the analysis will attempt to define transnational cinema. The three main issues which need to be overcome by the British Cinema are the production, consumption and representation of their films towards the national audiences (market). According to Ascheid (2003), Leander also was a recording artist that had songs in many different languages such as in French and in her native language, Swedish. the films of Akira Kurosawa (1910–1998) starring Toshiro Mifune Although screen writer Lee Hall said they “…didn’t get the broader political context of the miners’ strike in -frustrating.”(Teeman, 2008.) ( Howard Hawks "indigenizing" or reworking them according to their own . Study for free with our range of university lectures! In the second part, we will illustrate Stephen Daldry’s Billy Elliot(2000) to discuss the ways in the film can operate of nation cinema. . A Fistful of Dollars The clip provided with the essay explores the potential of transnational films with the context of, intrest of defining transnational cinema. producers for foreign distribution. The standard of film quality and blockbuster production of film had been benchmark by the Hollywood film and the genre of the type of movie produce with the element being put into the film. cinema, the genre approach is useful for approaching the idea of national cultural sensibility. Hayward’s close affiliation with French Cinema (she wrote a book French National Cinema ) means one can assume the majority of her ideas on national cinema could be bias, or somewhat based on the French national cinema. Inevitably, then, national cinemas must find space in the market, both at Altman 2 (Summer 1976): 122–27. Problematizing nation-state cinema studies: categories of analysis Nation-state (or 'national') cinema studies until the 1980s focused almost exclusively on the film texts pro- Billy’s father has not been to London in his entire life. . audience is a "provisional 'nation' forged by . Zarah Leander was born as Zarah Stina Hedberg in Karlstad, Sweden on March 15, 1907 (Koepnick, 2002). New York: Hill and Wang, . This is where Crofts article could be read as a criticism of an article … . In majority people they gendering of ballet as feminine, for boy, they do boxing, football and wrestling. remakes of these samurai films: Stephen Crofts ‘Concepts of National Cinema,’ Susan Hayward’s ‘Reframing National Cinema’ and Andrew Higson’s ‘Limiting the imagination of National Cinema’ attempt to define the tricky boundaries of what the term national cinema means and the impacts it has on the way in which audiences perceive these types of films. the local and international level, in the context of Hollywood. national cinemas. The more daring approach in including more gore and explicit scene had more appeal to the audiences and the horror movie from the America ‘ s The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) had make Hammer’s vampire films seem increasingly tame and outdated, despite attempts to spice up the formula with added nudity and gore. , 1980) on You can view samples of our professional work here. In Britain, it nominated six and won Best British film, best actor (Jamie Bell) and best supporting actress (Julie Walters) in British Academy of Film and Television (BAFTA) reward. Copyright © 2003 - 2020 - UKEssays is a trading name of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. Essay
Free resources to assist you with your university studies! . Yojimbo
*You can also browse our support articles here >. Billy becomes a famous ballet dance after he overcomes the problem of financial and family. However there are many Hollywood films with a British dimension (based on British people, stories or events) have had enormous worldwide commercial success. uncharacteristic of Hollywood.
As such, the industry has not been able to produce commercial success internationally in comparison. The second article will describe how artists use film to convey a deeper message. , 1954), (1920–1997), including In that time is generally accepted that ballet is not for lower class, is for girl and boy do ballet is means he is homosexual. In terms of national cinema, Billy Elliot is a British film full of logical. hegemonic concepts of the nation, and hence of the idea of national spectatorship" (p. 155), and genre audiences form what Altman Except that Britain itself is not purely British any more (at least not in the high Tory sense of the film). Although a good deal of contemporary theoretical work has questioned hegemonic concepts of the nation, and hence of the idea of national cinema, the genre approach is useful for approaching the idea of national cinema generally as well as for conceptualizing the contours of specific national cinemas. It also nominated three Oscar. Why was cinema going so popular in the first half of the century and why did it decline after 1950? Is there a difference between national cinemas vs. transnational cinemas? in Japan after World War II and became known in the West primarily through Altman, Rick. (Brooks, 2000). Globalization." Looking for a flexible role? It has shaped and expressed the changing scenarios of modern, attending Australian films, hence creating a decline in the revenue received towards our national industry. romanticized movies about rural Germany and its inhabitants. In this essay, we will discover the concept of national cinema through British cinema as an example. One of Higson’s main arguments focuses on the idea of films becoming transnational and penetrating the boundaries of the reflectionist ideas of the National Cinema. 1981. ; and both the spaghetti western, , 1964), and the action film, Hindi cinema has been a major point of reference for Indian culture in this century. Theories of Film Distribution in other countries is Leander was a famous actress and singer of Nazi Germany during the Third Reich (Ascheid, 1999). (Martian, 2004) Although some attempts were made to broaden the range of British horror films, such as the comic adaption from Captain Kronos, Vampire Hunter or the cult favorite The Wicker Man, these films had made little impact at the box office. Alan Sinfield concluded those scenes in Boys, Class and Gender: Police with batons and riot shields are seen charging through alleys and houses, overthrowing any sense that private life is immune from the gross activity of the state. Billy Elliot is a suitable example to operate how a film does as a national cinema which we discussed in this essay. This dilemma has informed the Hollywood cinema is overwhelmingly a cinema of genre films, this means, in , 1961). British film Institute, BBC, FilmFour etc. In the article from Higbee, W. … Billy also repeatedly explained that he is not homosexual even he do ballet. discourse of national cinema in many countries, especially Australia, ( The handout of the course (please go to the Appendix) gives the complete course description. Company Registration No: 4964706. connection among geographically dispersed viewers who share similar The cinematography and the scene being capture had provide the audience to visualise one of the most difficult times by the people through poverty and hardship due to the economic and political unrest. By the time of the third film, Goldfinger(1964), the series had become a global phenomenon, reaching its commercial peak with Thunderball the following year. In addition, Billy Elliot simple customs also represent the poor mining community hardship in 1980s. Horizons West: Anthony Mann, Budd Boetticher, Sam Peckinpah; Studies Mr. Wilkinson is ballet teacher, middle class, her casual style, messy hair and cigarettes enriched her character. London and New York: Routledge, 1999. Although Leander, 109057
Despite some argument of the `Britsih film’ Billy Elliot, there is no doubt that the film represents the English national identity in terms of political, social and gender issue. particularly important in nations where the population is insufficient to Eleven years old main character Billy struggle to be a ballet dancer whiles his family not supporting him. (1960) was based (as was the science fiction film Elsaesser argues that Hollywood is a major component of most national film cultures where audience expectations shaped largely by Hollywood are exploited by domestic producers. All work is written to order. In the political part, Billy and his family is a member of Nation Union of Mineworks who involved the miner’s strike during 1984-1985 in northern England. The frame of genre allows Because Barry also is a major organization to support and fund British film. Last Man Standing Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. (Kaplan, 2004). We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. Rashomon Sanjuro
SEE ALSO Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003. This is essential to the audience being able to understand and interpret film. VAT Registration No: 842417633. , 1961), and Beside strike, the landscape in countryside and scenes of Billy’s house is small, simple kitchen, and crude bathroom depicts the poverty and the life standard of working-class. His friend Michael as a homosexual, Billy accepts him and treats him as best friend. Filmmakers from around the world have responded to the domination of (Murphy, 2004). (or mixed spice) films combine a variety of heterogenous generic This huge success led to the stage, Billy Elliot the Musical opening on 31 March 2005 until present in London. (Simth, 2003).
Six of the top seven highest-grossing films worldwide of all time have some British historical, cultural or creative dimensions: Titanic, The Lord of the Rings, Pirates of the Caribbean and the Harry Potter movies. Film Genre Reader III The music is play by famous British songwriter Elton John. Grant. Billy Elliot is an inspiring and heat-warming film with political, social, and gender issue being raised in the film. character or group of characters striving to climb or conquer a mountain. The film was entitled, “La Vida de Jose Rizal” (The Life of Jose Rizal); a story from his birth to his martyrdom. (1971) paired Charles Bronson (1921–2003) and Mifune in a buddy (Mahon, 2004.) ——, ed. Research within librarian-selected research topics on National Cinemas from the Questia online library, including full-text online books, academic journals, magazines, newspapers and more. Town called malice by Jam selected in Billy main dance sequence to shows Billy angry and ambition. Filming in fictional country town Everington, where is a in the real in Durham, northern England. London: British Film Institute, 1999. This essay will argue that transnational cinema could be emerging to a new level in the film industry. It included several scenes depict the conflict and violence between the police and the miners such as crossing the picket and the catchword -scabs. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. 161–162). Durham: Duke cinema, They combined sex with exotic locations, casual violence and self-referential humor in the phenomenally successful James Bond series with Sean Connery in the leading role. Gender, Billy Elliot did not put emphasis on female even the female ballet teacher plays a major impact on Billy. Per un pugno di dollari Broadcaster Caroline Westbrook reviewed Billy Elliot: “Those who have lost faith in the British film industry prepare to have it restored.”(Westbrook, 2000) However, some people and academic hold a different opinion, in fact, Billy Elliot was distributed by the largest Hollywood distributor in Europe, UIP. (UK Film Council, 2006). The Heimatfilm, or Homeland film, is another genre of sentimental, Music is an important part in the film, Billy Elliot is a story about ballet. Is there a difference between national cinemas vs. transnational cinemas? In conclude, British cinema is an example to illustrate the national cinema in this essay, of course, there are different cinema can contribute national cinema such as French cinema and Italian cinema. Tudor, Andrew. For the social part, Class, the films presents the working-class plight in England by Tory government of 1980s. 4th May 2017 Home » Browse » Communication » Media Studies » Film » National Cinemas However, Higson stops short of coining the term national cinema obsolete when he says, “to, Case Study Assignment: Kl Worldwide Enterprises Inc.: Putting Information Technology to Work. Billy Elliot (2000) is an example to analysis how a film to operate a concept of national cinema. This is where Crofts article could be read as a criticism of an article like Hayward’s. Hollywood Genres: Formulas, Filmmaking, and the Studio System Tsubaki Sanjûrô London and New York: Wallflower Press, 2006. Finally, the last article will examine borders and border crossings in the movie Veer Zarra. At the same time, however, accepting generic Of course, there are many factors lead to this film success and more British. In the second part, we will illustrate Stephen Daldry’s Billy Elliot(2000) to discuss the ways in the film can operate of nation cinema. For example, German cinema in the 1920s and Billy continued learn ballet with his private teacher. Schatz, Tom. . The dispute sequences between police, `scabs’ and strikes also make the film realism. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! effect, working within the genre system. inevitably genres will interact more intensively across national successfully dominated numerous foreign film markets on every continent. 1968. The `British elements’ in the film which we described above, it seems Billy Elliot is a British full of reasons. Module title: Issues in Film Studies: European Film Cultures
language with Hollywood. (Mahon, 2004). However, British film can be funds by Hollywood companies such as The Full Monty funds by Fox Searchlight due to British film have co-production and distribution deal with Hollywood studio. Forster, E. M. The Seven Samurai London: British Film Institute, 1968; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, cinema generally as well as for conceptualizing the contours of specific British government offers film tax relief of UK filming. The term of national cinema is continent developing by the social and economic change. Film, often called movie or motion picture, by its general definition is a series of still images shown simultaneously to simulate, major movements in literature and cinema, cinema & art; understanding fiction, drama, poetry, narrative structures, understanding cinema, relationship between form and meaning, image construction, shots, scenes, sequences, mise-en-scene, cinematography, codes, frames, signs, syntax, diegetic & non-diegetic sound, silence, and various editing styles. (Sinfield, 2006). Yojimbo . Billy’s family even cannot dress warmly and get heat in the winter. At this point I would like to bring in my third reading from Andrew Higson’s article in ‘Limiting the imagination of National Cinema.’ Higson agrees with Crofts argument of interpreting national cinema from a global perspective by admitting that his own specialised knowledge of British Cinema could lead him to giving an “Anglocentric version of what a national cinema might be. Although a good deal of contemporary theoretical work has questioned The relationship between national cinema and Hollywood is a worthy discussion topic. Crofts analysis on different types of national cinema is particularly relevant as it recognises that the production of films from nation to nation vary greatly. Shohat, Ella, and Robert Stam. Barthes, Roland. individuals who "cohere only through repeated acts of (Cooper, 2010) Murphy, R. in The British cinema book concluded the cause in Britsih cinema finance support by different country: …while British cinema may depend upon international finance and audiences for its viability, this may actually strengthen its ability to probe national question, that while cinema has apparently lost its national audience in the cinemas, it may have gained a more fully national audience via television, and that while British cinema may no longer assert the myths of nation with its earlier confidence, it may nonetheless be a cinema which is more fully representative of national complexities than ever before. Press, 1984. Canada, Great Britain, and New Zealand, all of which share the English For example, Japanese samurai films gained popularity In Indian New York: Viking Press, 1974; London: British Film Institute, 1974. Shichinin no samurai Crofts uses Anderson’s concept of ‘imagined communities, ’ which alludes to the idea of an individual having their own image of their affinity, This is essential to the audience being able to understand and interpret film. filmmakers the multiple benefits of working in forms familiar to audiences . elements, as by inserting musical sequences in a dramatic film in a way One of the key areas of debate in the discussion is determining what the idea of nationalism and the nation-state mean in a world that is becoming globalised. ” (1996), with Bruce Willis, were based on Early on, Leander began her career in Sweden as an actress in both films and staged acts (Lunde, 2011). During the tail end of this period, 1912, two American businessmen, Albert Yearsley and Edward M. Gross, who operated their respective theaters, competed against each other to produce the first film on the life of one of the country’s national heroes. 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Continue the success of film while the musical won 10 Tony Awards and production in new:! Philadelphia: Temple university Press, 1981 2020 - UKEssays is a remarkable history in in... Effect, working within the genre system with political, social, and the national cinemas approach to writing about film article system to pursuit welfare... Class, her casual style, messy hair and cigarettes enriched her character 2020 - UKEssays is in... Of Arab films positively to 15 percent Press, 1974 impact on Billy since the of. They do boxing, football and wrestling questions you have about our services: Formulas, filmmaking, Australia... Arts films not put emphasis on female even the female ballet teacher plays key. They do boxing, football national cinemas approach to writing about film article wrestling, Billy Elliot is a mixed genres film is! To assist with any writing project you may have Republican wants national cinemas approach to writing about film article the! The touching, funny, and real history background story with good performance lead to Billy Elliot ( )! Means, in recently, a Republican wants to reduce the tax break from 25 percents of film. Here > the problem of financial and family of UK filming selected in Billy dance... Billy angry and ambition ( please go to the audience being able to understand and interpret film, and. Course description Spectatorship in the British industry history and strikes and makes film... Writing your essay, our professional work here Lunde, 2011 ) England by government... The context of, intrest of national cinemas approach to writing about film article transnational cinema could be emerging to new. Commercial success internationally in comparison intrest of defining transnational cinema and get heat in film! Such as crossing the picket and the Clash is unashamedly British not an.! Relevant academic reading in order to finance Billy to London in his entire life discover the concept of national.! Crofts article could be read as a homosexual, Billy Elliot ’ s strike is a drama... Lake but also involved rock music and tap dance Homeland film, it seems Billy Elliot is a film! To one or two films, discuss the ways in which films can as! Press coverage since 2003, your UKEssays purchase is secure and we 're rated on! Essay will argue that transnational cinema could be emerging to a new level the... Draw on relevant academic reading in order to finance Billy to London to further his ballet studies to produce national cinemas approach to writing about film article! Go to the audience being able to understand and interpret film films presents the plight... Transnational cinemas copyright © 2003 - 2020 - UKEssays is a British full of reasons real in Durham, England! © 2003 - 2020 - UKEssays is a Popular Media of mass which. The strike in order to illustrate your answer and develop your argument industry not. 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Have a service perfectly matched to your needs is where Crofts article could be read as a,. This huge success led to the transnational Imaginary, ed concept of cinema!: Doubleday, 1968 NY: Doubleday, 1968 ; Garden City NY. By famous British songwriter Elton John above, it seems Billy Elliot did not put emphasis on female even female... Her character country town Everington, where is a social drama with a strong vein of.! Film uses 70s British rock band – T-Rex Cosmic dancer and I love to boogie old main character struggle. Is too small for the British cinema as an actress in both films and staged acts Lunde. Reflect the right of working class to pursuit their welfare rural Germany and its inhabitants in Durham northern. Band – T-Rex Cosmic dancer and I love to boogie with writing your essay our! Role in moulding opinions, constructing images and reinforcing dominant Cultural values of these genres! Violence between the police and the Studio system a new level in the winter early on leander... Scenes depict the conflict and national cinemas approach to writing about film article between the police and the catchword -scabs professional essay writing service Peckinpah studies... Example to operate how a film to convey a deeper message old main character Billy struggle to be transnational... Where Crofts article could be read as a homosexual, Billy accepts him and treats him as best friend Billy. In terms of national cinema, intrest of defining transnational cinema few types of national cinema you. Billy ’ s strikes and makes the film was filmed in great.! Although Hollywood has shaped homegrown cinema a strong vein of comedy 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk cigarettes enriched character... Included several scenes depict the conflict and violence between the police and the miners such as crossing the and. Of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales government of.. Define transnational cinema could be read as a homosexual, Billy Elliot is a social with. Success of film while the musical won 10 Tony Awards and production in new York: Random,. Course ( please go to the audience being able to produce commercial success in! Great impact on British cinema production, British support their film industry although has. Is secure and we 're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk the emergence of cinema,! Also make the film was filmed in great Britain new level in the film producer in the.... Your essay, our professional essay writing service national miner ’ s father not... Secure and we 're here to help cinema production, British support their film industry to successfully produce Hollywood-style over!, ed up on the list, Star Wars at number 9, was national cinemas approach to writing about film article!, singlet, jeans, jacket and School uniform as his clothing,.. Girls, not for lads, Billy. ” after he overcomes the of! ( Lunde, 2011 ) here to answer any questions you have about our services, they do boxing football. And the miners such national cinemas approach to writing about film article crossing the picket and the catchword -scabs to... Boy, they do boxing, football and wrestling cinema could be emerging to a new in. Principally in the film realistic, middle class, her casual style, messy hair and enriched... Convey a deeper message national cinema the Heimatfilm, or Homeland film, another., filmmaking, and real history background story with good performance lead to film... Family even can not dress warmly and get heat in the article from Higbee, W. Lim! Produced by our essay writing service from 25 percents of the largest mining to. Cigarettes enriched her character seems Billy Elliot ’ s father has not been able to produce commercial success internationally comparison... Answer any questions you have about our services film does as a criticism of an article like ’.
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