their particular needs and practices. Flora Online: An Electronic Publication of TAXACOM (22). Many resource materials are available through Melvyl and Harvest, which are the electronic access points for the UC Davis library. in the following way: "It has been found
in phase three of courtship behavior (Gumwad 1952:209; Bugjuice 1970). For two author papers, give both authors' last names (e.g., Click and Clack 1974). It is important, however, to acknowledge the sources of these documents, even though you may never have seen "hard copy" (printed versions) of the file(s) you wish to cite. courtship behavior may also be linked to nutritional status (Anon. Electronic style: A guide to citing electronic information. Capitalize only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns. When necessary, report the complete URL in the text including
The name of the author should be written beneath the title. but rather in a personal conversation with or letter from an
Book: authors contributing a specific
For example: (Li & Crane, 1993) (Charniak, Riesbeck, McDermott & Meehan, 1994). For magazines, precede page numbers with "p." (if the article is on a single page) or "pp." When you have talked
information. For example: Walters, R.F., Bharat, S. R. and Austin, A.A. Charniak, E., Riesbeck, C., McDermott, D. and Meehan, J. Enclose the date in parentheses. above was not gained from the Gumwad and Bugjuice publications,
Give the city and state (if in the United States), followed by a colon and the publisher name, followed by a period. For example, the way that you reference a single author will differ somewhat from how you reference a source with multiple authors. ....x.J Physiol 40(2):140-145. the Intro and Discussion), whenever you refer to outside sources
Children's research and methods: What media researchers are doing, Journal of Advertising Research, 32, RC2-RC3. Department of Biology, Bates
Many of the references you use will come from published sources. Suppose some of the information cited
behavior. (date). For example: If the title is that of an article, use the regular font; if it is the title of a book, italicize it. : Mouse
97-99), (Armstrong & Keevil, 1991, p. 103), and so forth. Do not use footnotes for citations. 1990. the format of that journal. reproductive success in the common house mouse (Mus musculus)
The rules are described in more detail, with examples, in section 3. If there is a subtitle, it too should begin with a capital letter. Citing the availability of an electronic document should give the reader enough information to know where to locate the file and, if necessary, the specific portion of the file cited. In general, if you wish to cite an electronic file, you should include either the term "[Online]" or the term "[CDROM]" (enclosed in square brackets) before the closing period terminating the title of the work cited. webpage for citing web sources: Internet sources should
91-125. For example: If you choose to include any personal interviews, reference them with the person's name, their professional title and employer, and the date, time, and place of the interview. British Medical Journal 303(2), 105-109. For the date, use the year. To write the name of a journal or magazine in an APA paper:. typical, but may vary in different publications depending on
More are on CDROM, or on the Internet. Armstrong, P. and Keevil, S. (1991). The format for entries in the Literature Cited section
Create a list of references, one for each item cited in the paper, in a section called "References". When citing the name of a journal, magazine or newspaper, write the name in italics, with all words capitalized except for articles, prepositions and conjunctions. #1 – Author Bio Formatting. The basic form of your reference will be similar to printed references, but you will need to add some important additional information: the type of medium used, and the material's availability. not be presented here, but you should expect to encounter it
1992. comm.).". and a copy is available in the Biology Department. Physiological effects of estrogen analogs: Insincere
Li, X. and Crane, N.B. Title. Just because you’re writing an academic research paper … be sure to report the relevant aspects of the work clearly
Doing so means you have to renumber all the references whenever you insert a new reference. All of the examples given above may be summarized by citing a few references in the form we would like you to use. This section goes at the end of your paper. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (Fifth Edition).Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. Learning how to follow one such set of rules is a worthwhile exercise. American Psychological Association (APA) (2001). found that male mice react to estrogen treatment by a reduction
considerably for individual journals. Some may come from electronic sources such as the World Wide Web, Melvyl and Harvest databases available through the UC Davis library, CD references and the like, and some may come from interviews. formats for published materials may be found in Huth
reports, etc, refer to Huth
[Online]. examples: University of Washington Library Website (pdf)>, Modified 11-7-11
This skill will serve you well in writing papers of all types, not just those required for classes. et al (1994). in Nome, Alaska. Clearly, if your paper uses first-person pronouns, it will irk the person giving you the grade—probably best to stay away from that. (1996) Annotated List of World Wide Web Technical Writing and Computer-Aided Composition Resources [Online]. The required format meets the accepted practices cited in Li and Crane (1993), a reference that is currently considered the best authority on citing electronic sources. give the author's last name and the year of publication, e.g.,
A research paper is a piece of academic writing that provides analysis, interpretation, and argument based on in-depth independent research.. Research papers are similar to academic essays, but they are usually longer and more detailed assignments, designed to assess not only your writing skills but also your skills in scholarly research. You may be required to use slightly different formats for other papers, such as papers submitted for publication to refereed journals, each of which typically have their own styles. reference citations such a government documents, technical
the word "Anonymous" in the place of the authors name(s). The purpose of the term paper in ECS 15 is for you to learn how to do effective research on a subject and then write it up clearly, showing where you got your information. The general form of citations in the body of the text is to include the author and date in parentheses (as above) and optionally include the page number(s) after the date. When you write a statement that comes from the research paper, include the last names of the authors along with the year the paper was published or written. Separate the entries with a blank line. Craft a strong opening sentence that will engage the reader. Put in parentheses the author(s) last names, the year, and optionally the page number(s) separated by commas. To write the the name of an article title in the body of your paper:. 62(6):1130-1142. The simplest way to do this is to parenthetically
The architects' guide to computer-aided-design. review. work as soon as possible after giving the information. [the full reference, which follows, is discussed below]. Available: UMI File: Business Periodicals Ondisk Item 91-11501. End with a period. Each additional line of each entry should be indented a reasonable amount. The paper by Bugjuice (1970) is short, and if readers want to find the referenced information, they would not have as much trouble. formats indexed by author name(s): Bugjuice, B., Timm, T.
If there are two references by the same author(s) for the same year, use letters after the year: (Walters, 1993b). If you include the author's name(s) in the text of a sentence in the paper, you may omit their names from the parentheses as follows: "Austin (1996) includes valuable references to ...." or "The examples given by Li and Crane (1993) on web addresses ...". Web: Author [last name], A.A [first and middle initial]. in your reading of the literature. (Clarke 2001). [CDROM]. Toronto: John Wiley & Sons. et al (1994) for a complete listing of citation formats. All references in that section should be complete enough for readers to obtain a copy for themselves. Here are the best elements to a research paper: 1 The Introduction. 31-49). Some basic rules applicable to all
If you are trying to publish
Physiological effects of estrogen on mouse courtship
Some journals,e.g., Science,
Everything on the title page should be double-spaced. Computer, Christopher C. (1996, January 10) Professor, Computer Science Department, University of California - Davis, 3:00 pm, Davis, California. In the books citation, note the following:
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